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Testing Methodologies

Static Application Security Testing (SAST)

• Approach: Source code analysis without execution
• Benefits: Early detection, comprehensive coverage
• Limitations: False positives, no runtime context
• Tools: SonarQube, Checkmarx, Veracode

Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)

• Approach: Black-box testing of running applications
• Benefits: Runtime vulnerability detection
• Limitations: Limited code coverage, requires running app
• Tools: OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite, Rapid7

Interactive Application Security Testing (IAST)

• Approach: Instrumentation-based testing during runtime
• Benefits: Low false positives, accurate results
• Limitations: Performance impact, deployment complexity
• Integration: Works within existing testing frameworks

Runtime Application Self-Protection (RASP)

• Approach: Real-time protection within applications
• Benefits: Zero-day protection, contextual analysis
• Limitations: Performance overhead, deployment changes
• Evolution: Moving toward cloud-native implementations

Penetration Testing

Testing Phases

1. Reconnaissance: Information gathering
2. Scanning: Vulnerability identification
3. Enumeration: Service and system detailed analysis
4. Exploitation: Vulnerability confirmation
5. Post-Exploitation: Impact assessment
6. Reporting: Findings and recommendations

Testing Types

• Black Box: No prior knowledge
• White Box: Full system knowledge
• Gray Box: Limited knowledge
• Red Team: Adversarial simulation
• Purple Team: Collaborative red/blue team exercise

Vulnerability Assessment

Automated Scanning

• Network Scanners: Nessus, Rapid7, Qualys
• Web Application Scanners: OWASP ZAP, Burp Suite
• Infrastructure Scanners: OpenVAS, Nmap
• Container Scanners: Twistlock, Aqua, Clair

Manual Testing

• Configuration Review: Security hardening verification
• Code Review: Manual source code analysis
• Architecture Review: Design security assessment
• Business Logic Testing: Application workflow security

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